国务院办公厅关于促进建筑业持续健康发展的意见

作者：       来源(yuan)：本(ben)站原(yuan)创(chuang)       文章点(dian)击数(shu)： 179       【字体：大 中(zhong) 小】

国办发〔2017〕19号

各省、自治区、直辖(xia)市(shi)人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属(shu)机构：

　　建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是国(guo)民(min)经济的支(zhi)柱(zhu)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。改革开放以来，我国(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速(su)发(fa)展，建(jian)(jian)造能(neng)力不(bu)断(duan)增强，产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)规模不(bu)断(duan)扩大，吸(xi)纳了(le)大量农村转移劳动力，带动了(le)大量关联(lian)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，对经济社会发(fa)展、城(cheng)乡建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)和民(min)生改善作出了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)贡献。但也要(yao)看(kan)到，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)仍然大而不(bu)强，监管(guan)体(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)机制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)健(jian)全、工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)组织方(fang)式落后、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)水平有待提高(gao)、质量安(an)全事故时有发(fa)生、市场违(wei)(wei)法(fa)违(wei)(wei)规行为(wei)较多(duo)、企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)核心竞争力不(bu)强、工人技能(neng)素质偏低等(deng)问题(ti)较为(wei)突出。为(wei)贯(guan)彻(che)落实《中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央国(guo)务院关于进(jin)一(yi)步加强城(cheng)市规划建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)管(guan)理工作的若(ruo)干意见》，进(jin)一(yi)步深化建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“放(fang)管服”改革，加(jia)快产业(ye)升(sheng)级，促进(jin)建筑业(ye)持续(xu)健康发(fa)展，为(wei)新型城镇(zhen)化提供支(zhi)撑，经(jing)国(guo)务院(yuan)同意，现提出以下意见：

　　一、总体(ti)要求

　　全面(mian)贯彻党的十(shi)八(ba)大和(he)(he)十(shi)八(ba)届二中(zhong)、三中(zhong)、四中(zhong)、五中(zhong)、六中(zhong)全会(hui)(hui)以及中(zhong)央经济工(gong)作会(hui)(hui)议、中(zhong)央城(cheng)镇(zhen)化工(gong)作会(hui)(hui)议、中(zhong)央城(cheng)市工(gong)作会(hui)(hui)议精(jing)神，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要(yao)讲话精(jing)神和(he)(he)治国理政新理念新思想新战略(lve)，认真(zhen)落(luo)实党中(zhong)央、国务(wu)院决策(ce)部署，统筹(chou)推进“五位(wei)一体(ti)”总体(ti)布局和(he)协(xie)调推(tui)进“四(si)个全面”战略布局，牢(lao)固树立和贯彻落实创新(xin)、协(xie)调、绿(lv)色(se)、开放、共(gong)享的(de)发展理念，坚持以推进供给(ji)侧结构性改(gai)革为主线，按照适用、经济、安全、绿(lv)色(se)、美观的(de)要(yao)求，深化建(jian)筑业“放管服”改革，完善监管体制机(ji)制，优化市场环境，提升工程(cheng)质量安(an)全水平(ping)，强(qiang)(qiang)化队伍建(jian)设(she)，增(zeng)强(qiang)(qiang)企业核心竞争力(li)，促进建(jian)筑业持续健康发展，打造“中国建造”品牌。

　　二、深化建筑业简政放权改革

　　（一）优化资(zi)(zi)(zi)质资(zi)(zi)(zi)格管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。进(jin)一步(bu)简化工程建设(she)企业(ye)(ye)(ye)资(zi)(zi)(zi)质类(lei)(lei)别(bie)和等级设(she)置，减少不必要(yao)的(de)资(zi)(zi)(zi)质认定。选择(ze)部分地区开展试点，对信用良好(hao)、具(ju)有相关专业(ye)(ye)(ye)技术能力(li)(li)、能够提(ti)供足额(e)担(dan)保的(de)企业(ye)(ye)(ye)，在其资(zi)(zi)(zi)质类(lei)(lei)别(bie)内放(fang)宽承揽业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)范围限(xian)制(zhi)，同时，加(jia)快完善(shan)信用体(ti)系(xi)、工程担(dan)保及个(ge)人(ren)执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)资(zi)(zi)(zi)格等相关配套制(zhi)度，加(jia)强(qiang)事(shi)中事(shi)后(hou)监管(guan)(guan)(guan)。强(qiang)化个(ge)人(ren)执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)资(zi)(zi)(zi)格管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，明(ming)晰注册执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)员的(de)权利(li)、义务(wu)和责任(ren)，加(jia)大(da)执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)责任(ren)追究(jiu)力(li)(li)度。有序发展个(ge)人(ren)执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)事(shi)务(wu)所，推动(dong)建立个(ge)人(ren)执(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)保险制(zhi)度。大(da)力(li)(li)推行“互(hu)联网政务(wu)服务(wu)”，实行“一站式”网上审(shen)批，进一步(bu)提高建筑领(ling)域行(xing)政审(shen)批效率。

　　（二）完善(shan)招(zhao)标投标制度。加快修订(ding)《工(gong)程(cheng)建设项(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)标范围(wei)(wei)和规模标准(zhun)规定》，缩小(xiao)并严格界定必须进(jin)行招(zhao)标的工(gong)程(cheng)建设项(xiang)目(mu)范围(wei)(wei)，放宽有关规模标准(zhun)，防止工(gong)程(cheng)建设项(xiang)目(mu)实行招(zhao)标“一刀(dao)切(qie)”。在民间投(tou)资的(de)房(fang)屋(wu)建筑工程(cheng)中，探索由建设(she)单位(wei)自主决定(ding)发(fa)包(bao)方式。将依法(fa)必须(xu)招(zhao)标(biao)的(de)工程(cheng)建设(she)项目(mu)纳入统一的(de)公共(gong)资源交易(yi)平(ping)台，遵循公平(ping)、公正(zheng)、公开和诚信的(de)原(yuan)则，规范(fan)招(zhao)标(biao)投(tou)标(biao)行为。进一步(bu)简化招(zhao)标(biao)投(tou)标(biao)程(cheng)序，尽快实现招(zhao)标(biao)投(tou)标(biao)交易(yi)全(quan)过程(cheng)电子(zi)化，推(tui)行网(wang)上(shang)异地评标(biao)。对依法(fa)通过竞争性谈判或单一来源方式确定(ding)供应商的(de)政府采购工程(cheng)建设(she)项目(mu)，符合相应条件(jian)的(de)应当颁(ban)发(fa)施工许(xu)可证。

　　三、完善工程(cheng)建设组织模(mo)式

　　（三(san)）加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。装配式建筑原则(ze)上(shang)应采用(yong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)模式。政府(fu)投(tou)资工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)应完善建设管理模式，带头推行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)完善工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)相关的(de)招(zhao)标投(tou)标、施工(gong)(gong)许可、竣工(gong)(gong)验收(shou)等制(zhi)(zhi)度规定。按照总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)负总(zong)(zong)(zong)责(ze)的(de)原则(ze)，落实工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)单(dan)位(wei)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)质量安全、进(jin)(jin)度控制(zhi)(zhi)、成本管理等方(fang)面的(de)责(ze)任(ren)。除(chu)以暂估价形式包(bao)(bao)(bao)括在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)范(fan)围内且依法(fa)必(bi)须进(jin)(jin)行招(zhao)标的(de)项目(mu)外，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)单(dan)位(wei)可以直(zhi)接发包(bao)(bao)(bao)总(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)合同中涵盖的(de)其(qi)他专业业务(wu)。

　　（四）培育全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)。鼓(gu)励投(tou)资(zi)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)、勘察、设(she)计、监理、招标代理、造价等企(qi)(qi)业(ye)采取(qu)联合经营、并购重组等方(fang)式(shi)发展全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)，培育一批具有国际水平的全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)。制定全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)服务(wu)技术标准和合同范(fan)本(ben)。政府(fu)投(tou)资(zi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)应带头推行全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)，鼓(gu)励非政府(fu)投(tou)资(zi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)委托全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)服务(wu)。在民用建筑项目中(zhong)，充分发挥建筑师的主导作用，鼓(gu)励提供全(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)询(xun)服务(wu)。

　　四、加强工程(cheng)质量安全管理

　　（五）严格(ge)落实(shi)工程质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)。全面落实(shi)各方主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工程质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，特别要(yao)强化建设单(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)和(he)勘(kan)察、设计、施工单(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)。严格(ge)执行(xing)工程质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)终身责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)制，在(zai)建筑物(wu)明显部位(wei)(wei)设置(zhi)永久性标(biao)牌，公(gong)(gong)示(shi)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)人。对违反有关规(gui)定、造(zao)成工程质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，依(yi)法(fa)给予责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)单(dan)位(wei)(wei)停业(ye)整顿、降低(di)资质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)级、吊销(xiao)资质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证书等(deng)(deng)(deng)行(xing)政处罚并(bing)通过国家企(qi)业(ye)信用信息公(gong)(gong)示(shi)系统予以公(gong)(gong)示(shi)，给予注册执业(ye)人员暂(zan)停执业(ye)、吊销(xiao)资格(ge)证书、一定时间直至(zhi)终身不得进入行(xing)业(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)处罚。对发(fa)生工程质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事故造(zao)成损失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)依(yi)法(fa)追究经济(ji)赔(pei)偿责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，情(qing)节严重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)追究有关单(dan)位(wei)(wei)和(he)人员的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律责(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)。参(can)与房地(di)产开发(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑业(ye)企(qi)业(ye)应依(yi)法(fa)合(he)规(gui)经营，提高住宅品质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

　　（六）加(jia)(jia)强(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)管(guan)(guan)理。全(quan)(quan)面落(luo)实安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)责任，加(jia)(jia)强(qiang)(qiang)施工(gong)现(xian)场安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防护，特别要(yao)强(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)对深基(ji)坑、高支模、起重(zhong)机械等(deng)危险性(xing)较(jiao)大(da)的分部分项(xiang)工(gong)程的管(guan)(guan)理，以及对不良地(di)(di)质地(di)(di)区重(zhong)大(da)工(gong)程项(xiang)目的风险评估或论证。推进(jin)信(xin)息(xi)技术与(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)深度融合(he)，加(jia)(jia)快建设建筑施工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)监管(guan)(guan)信(xin)息(xi)系统，通(tong)过信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)手段加(jia)(jia)强(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)管(guan)(guan)理。建立健全(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)盖、多层(ceng)次、经(jing)常性(xing)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)培(pei)训(xun)制度，提升从业人员安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)素质以及各(ge)方主体的本质安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)水(shui)平。

　　（七）全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提高监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)水(shui)平。完善工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)律法(fa)规和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度，健全(quan)(quan)(quan)企业负(fu)责、政(zheng)府监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)、社会监(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)体系。强(qiang)化政(zheng)府对工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，明确监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)范围，落实监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)责任，加(jia)大抽(chou)查抽(chou)测力度，重点加(jia)强(qiang)对涉及(ji)公共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)基基础、主(zhu)体结构等部位和(he)(he)竣工(gong)(gong)验收等环节(jie)的(de)(de)监(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)检查。加(jia)强(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)监(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)队伍建(jian)设(she)，监(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)机(ji)构履行(xing)(xing)职能所需经费由同(tong)级财政(zheng)预算全(quan)(quan)(quan)额保障(zhang)。政(zheng)府可(ke)采取购买服务的(de)(de)方式，委托(tuo)具(ju)备条件的(de)(de)社会力量(liang)(liang)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)监(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)检查。推(tui)进(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)标(biao)准化管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，督(du)(du)促各方主(zhu)体健全(quan)(quan)(quan)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)控机(ji)制(zhi)。强(qiang)化对工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)监(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，选择部分地(di)区开展监(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)单位向政(zheng)府报告(gao)(gao)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)监(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)情况的(de)(de)试点。加(jia)强(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)检测机(ji)构管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，严厉打击出具(ju)虚假报告(gao)(gao)等行(xing)(xing)为(wei)。推(tui)动发展工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保险(xian)。

　　五(wu)、优化(hua)建筑(zhu)市场环境(jing)

　　（八）建(jian)(jian)立统(tong)(tong)一开放市场(chang)。打破(po)区域市场(chang)准入壁(bi)垒，取(qu)消各地区、各行(xing)业(ye)在(zai)法律(lv)、行(xing)政法规(gui)和国(guo)务(wu)院规(gui)定外(wai)对建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)业(ye)企业(ye)设(she)置的不合理准入条件；严禁擅自设(she)立或变相(xiang)设(she)立审批、备(bei)案事项，为建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)业(ye)企业(ye)提供(gong)公(gong)平(ping)市场(chang)环(huan)境(jing)。完(wan)善全国(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市场(chang)监管(guan)公(gong)共(gong)服务(wu)平(ping)台(tai)，加快实(shi)现与全国(guo)信(xin)用信(xin)息共(gong)享(xiang)平(ping)台(tai)和国(guo)家(jia)企业(ye)信(xin)用信(xin)息公(gong)示系统(tong)(tong)的数(shu)据(ju)共(gong)享(xiang)交(jiao)换。建(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市场(chang)主体黑(hei)名单制度，依(yi)法依(yi)规(gui)全面公(gong)开企业(ye)和个人(ren)信(xin)用记录，接受(shou)社会(hui)监督(du)。

　　（九(jiu)）加(jia)强承(cheng)包履(lv)约管理。引导承(cheng)包企业以银行保(bao)函(han)或担保(bao)公(gong)司保(bao)函(han)的(de)形式(shi)，向建设单位提(ti)供履(lv)约担保(bao)。对采(cai)用常规通用技术标(biao)(biao)(biao)准的(de)政(zheng)府投资工程(cheng)(cheng)，在原则上实行最低价(jia)(jia)(jia)中标(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)同时，有(you)效发挥(hui)履(lv)约担保(bao)的(de)作用，防止恶意低价(jia)(jia)(jia)中标(biao)(biao)(biao)，确保(bao)工程(cheng)(cheng)投资不超预算。严(yan)厉查(cha)处转包和违法分包等行为。完善(shan)工程(cheng)(cheng)量清单计(ji)价(jia)(jia)(jia)体系和工程(cheng)(cheng)造价(jia)(jia)(jia)信息(xi)发布机制，形成(cheng)统(tong)一(yi)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)造价(jia)(jia)(jia)计(ji)价(jia)(jia)(jia)规则，合理确定和有(you)效控制工程(cheng)(cheng)造价(jia)(jia)(jia)。

　　（十）规范工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)价款(kuan)结算(suan)(suan)。审(shen)计(ji)机(ji)关应依法加强对以政府投资为(wei)主的(de)公共工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)设(she)(she)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)审(shen)计(ji)监(jian)督，建(jian)设(she)(she)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得将(jiang)未(wei)完成(cheng)审(shen)计(ji)作为(wei)延期(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)结算(suan)(suan)、拖欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)理由。未(wei)完成(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)结算(suan)(suan)的(de)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，有(you)关部门不(bu)予(yu)办理产权登记。对长期(qi)拖欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得批(pi)准新项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)开工(gong)(gong)。严格(ge)执(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)预(yu)付(fu)款(kuan)制度(du)，及时按合同(tong)约定足(zu)额(e)向承包单(dan)(dan)位(wei)支付(fu)预(yu)付(fu)款(kuan)。通过工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)支付(fu)担(dan)保等经济、法律手段约束建(jian)设(she)(she)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)履约行(xing)为(wei)，预(yu)防拖欠(qian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)。

　　六、提高从业人员素质

　　（十一(yi)）加(jia)快培养(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。积极培育既有国际视野又有民(min)族自信的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑师队伍。加(jia)快培养(yang)熟悉国际规则的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑业(ye)(ye)高级管理人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。大(da)力(li)推进校企(qi)合作(zuo)，培养(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑业(ye)(ye)专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。加(jia)强工(gong)(gong)程现场管理人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的教育培训。健(jian)全建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑业(ye)(ye)职业(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能标(biao)准体系(xi)，全面实施(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑业(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)职业(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能鉴定(ding)制(zhi)度。发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)批建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能鉴定(ding)机构，开展(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能评(ping)价工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。通(tong)过制(zhi)定(ding)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)现场技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)基本配(pei)备标(biao)准、发(fa)(fa)布各个(ge)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能等级和工(gong)(gong)种的人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)成本信息(xi)等方式，引(yin)导企(qi)业(ye)(ye)将工(gong)(gong)资分配(pei)向关(guan)键技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能岗(gang)位倾斜(xie)。大(da)力(li)弘扬工(gong)(gong)匠精神，培养(yang)高素质建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，到2020年建筑(zhu)业中级工技能(neng)水平以(yi)上(shang)的建筑(zhu)工人数量达到300万(wan)，2025年达到1000万。

　　（十二）改革建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用工(gong)制(zhi)度。推(tui)动建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)劳(lao)务(wu)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)转型(xing)，大力发展木工(gong)、电工(gong)、砌筑(zhu)(zhu)、钢筋制(zhi)作等以(yi)(yi)作业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)载体(ti)，逐步(bu)(bu)实现建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)公司化、专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化管(guan)理(li)。鼓励现有专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)进一(yi)步(bu)(bu)做(zuo)专(zhuan)做(zuo)精(jing)，增(zeng)强竞(jing)争力，推(tui)动形成一(yi)批以(yi)(yi)作业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)专(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。促进建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)农民(min)工(gong)向技(ji)术工(gong)人(ren)(ren)转型(xing)，着力稳定和扩大建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)农民(min)工(gong)就(jiu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)创业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。建(jian)立全(quan)国建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)管(guan)理(li)服务(wu)信息(xi)平台，开展建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)实名(ming)制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)，记录建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的身份信息(xi)、培训情况、职业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能、从业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)记录等信息(xi)，逐步(bu)(bu)实现全(quan)覆盖。

　　（十三）保护工(gong)人(ren)合(he)法权益。全面落实(shi)劳动合(he)同制度(du)，加大监察力度(du)，督促(cu)施工(gong)单(dan)位与招用的建筑工(gong)人(ren)依法签订劳动合(he)同，到2020年基本实(shi)现劳动合同全覆(fu)盖。健(jian)全工(gong)(gong)(gong)资支(zhi)付(fu)保(bao)障(zhang)制度，按照谁用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)谁负责和(he)总承包负总责的(de)原则，落实(shi)企业(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)资支(zhi)付(fu)责任，依(yi)法(fa)按月足额发放工(gong)(gong)(gong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)资。将(jiang)存在拖(tuo)欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)资行(xing)为的(de)企业(ye)列入黑名单，对其采取限制市场准入等(deng)惩戒措施(shi)，情节严(yan)重的(de)降低资质等(deng)级。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全与建(jian)筑业(ye)相适应的(de)社(she)会保(bao)险(xian)参(can)保(bao)缴费方式，大力(li)推进(jin)建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)单位(wei)参(can)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)伤保(bao)险(xian)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)单位(wei)应履行(xing)社(she)会责任，不断改善建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作环(huan)境，提升职业(ye)健(jian)康水平，促进(jin)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)人稳定就业(ye)。

　　七(qi)、推进建(jian)筑(zhu)产业现代(dai)化

　　（十四(si)）推(tui)广智能(neng)(neng)和装(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。坚持标准化(hua)(hua)(hua)设计(ji)、工厂化(hua)(hua)(hua)生产、装(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施工、一体化(hua)(hua)(hua)装(zhuang)修、信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理、智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)应(ying)用，推(tui)动(dong)建造方(fang)式(shi)创(chuang)新(xin)，大力发展装(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)混(hun)凝土和钢结构建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，在具备条件的地方(fang)倡导(dao)发展现代(dai)木结构建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不(bu)断(duan)提高装(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在新(xin)建建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的比例。力争用10年左右的时间，使装配式建筑占新建建筑面积(ji)的比(bi)例达到(dao)30%。在新建建筑和既有建筑改造中推广(guang)普及智能(neng)化应用，完(wan)善智能(neng)化系统运行(xing)维护(hu)机制，实(shi)现建筑舒适安全(quan)、节能(neng)高效。

　　（十五）提升(sheng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)水平。建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)应体现地域(yu)特征(zheng)、民族(zu)特点(dian)和时代风貌(mao)，突(tu)出建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)使用功(gong)能及节能、节水、节地、节材和环保等要求，提供功(gong)能适用、经济合(he)理、安全可靠、技(ji)术先进、环境协调(diao)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)产品(pin)。健全适应建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)特点(dian)的(de)(de)招标(biao)投标(biao)制(zhi)度，推行(xing)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)团(tuan)队(dui)招标(biao)、设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)方案招标(biao)等方式。促进国(guo)内外建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)企业公平竞争，培育有国(guo)际竞争力的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)队(dui)伍(wu)。倡导开展建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)评论，促进建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)理念的(de)(de)融合(he)和升(sheng)华。

　　（十六）加(jia)强技术研发(fa)应(ying)用。加(jia)快先进建造设(she)备、智能设(she)备的研发(fa)、制造和推(tui)广(guang)应(ying)用，提升(sheng)各(ge)类施工(gong)(gong)机(ji)具(ju)的性(xing)能和效率(lv)，提高机(ji)械化施工(gong)(gong)程度(du)。限制和淘汰落(luo)后、危险(xian)工(gong)(gong)艺工(gong)(gong)法，保障生产施工(gong)(gong)安全。积极支(zhi)持建筑(zhu)业科研工(gong)(gong)作，大幅提高技术创新对(dui)产业发(fa)展(zhan)的贡献率(lv)。加(jia)快推(tui)进建筑(zhu)信息模(mo)型（BIM）技术(shu)在规划、勘察(cha)、设计、施工和(he)运(yun)营(ying)维护全过程的集成应(ying)用，实现工程建(jian)设项目(mu)全生命周(zhou)期数据共享和(he)信息化管(guan)理，为项目(mu)方(fang)案优化和(he)科学决策提(ti)供依(yi)据，促进建(jian)筑业提(ti)质增效(xiao)。

　　（十七）完善工程建设(she)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)。整合精简强制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)，适(shi)度提高(gao)安(an)全(quan)、质(zhi)量、性能(neng)(neng)、健康、节能(neng)(neng)等强制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性指标(biao)(biao)(biao)要(yao)求(qiu)，逐步(bu)提高(gao)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)水平。积极培(pei)育团体(ti)(ti)(ti)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)，鼓励具(ju)备(bei)相(xiang)应能(neng)(neng)力(li)的行(xing)业(ye)协会(hui)、产业(ye)联盟等主体(ti)(ti)(ti)共同制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定满足市场和创新需要(yao)的标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)，建立强制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)与团体(ti)(ti)(ti)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)相(xiang)结合的标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)供(gong)给体(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，增加(jia)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)有效(xiao)供(gong)给。及时开展标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)复审，加(jia)快标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)修订，提高(gao)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)的时效(xiao)性。加(jia)强科技研发与标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定的信息沟通，建立全(quan)国(guo)工程建设(she)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)专家(jia)委员会(hui)，为(wei)工程建设(she)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)化工作(zuo)提供(gong)技术(shu)支(zhi)撑，提高(gao)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)的质(zhi)量和水平。

　　八、加快(kuai)建筑业(ye)企业(ye)“走出去(qu)”

　　（十(shi)八(ba)）加强中外(wai)(wai)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)衔(xian)接(jie)。积极(ji)开展中外(wai)(wai)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)对比研究，适应国(guo)(guo)际通行的标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)内容结(jie)构、要(yao)素指(zhi)标(biao)(biao)和相关术语，缩小中国(guo)(guo)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)与国(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)先进标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)的技(ji)术差距。加大中国(guo)(guo)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)外(wai)(wai)文版翻(fan)译和宣(xuan)传推广力度，以“一带一路”战略为引领，优(you)先在对(dui)外投资、技(ji)术输出和援建工程项(xiang)目中推广应用(yong)。积极参加(jia)国际标准(zhun)认证(zheng)、交流等活(huo)动，开展工程技(ji)术标准(zhun)的双(shuang)边合作。到2025年，实现工程(cheng)建设国家标准全部有外文版。

　　（十九）提高(gao)对外(wai)承包能力。统筹(chou)协调(diao)建筑(zhu)业(ye)“走出去”，充分发(fa)挥我(wo)国建筑业企业在(zai)高(gao)铁、公路、电(dian)力、港口、机(ji)场、油气长输管(guan)道、高(gao)层建筑等工程建设方面的(de)比较优势，有目标、有重点(dian)、有组织地(di)对外承包工程，参与(yu)“一带一路”建(jian)设。建(jian)筑业企(qi)(qi)业要(yao)加(jia)大对(dui)国际标(biao)准(zhun)的研(yan)究力度，积极适应国际标(biao)准(zhun)，加(jia)强对(dui)外(wai)承包工(gong)程(cheng)质量(liang)、履约(yue)等方面管(guan)理，在援外(wai)住房等民生(sheng)项目(mu)中发挥积极作用(yong)。鼓(gu)励(li)大企(qi)(qi)业带动(dong)中小企(qi)(qi)业、沿海沿边地区企(qi)(qi)业合(he)作“出海”，积极(ji)有序开拓国(guo)际(ji)市场，避免(mian)恶性(xing)竞(jing)争。引导(dao)对外承包工程企业向项(xiang)目融(rong)资(zi)、设计咨询、后续运营(ying)维护管理(li)等高附加值(zhi)的(de)领(ling)域(yu)有序拓展。推动企业提高属地化经营(ying)水平(ping)，实现与所在国(guo)家和地区互利共赢。

　　（二十）加(jia)大政策扶(fu)持力度。加(jia)强建筑业“走出去”相关主管部门间的沟通协调和信(xin)息共享。到2025年，与大(da)部分“一带一路”沿线国家和(he)地(di)区签订双边工(gong)(gong)程建设(she)合(he)作备忘录(lu)，同时争取在双边自(zi)贸协定中(zhong)纳入相关内容，推进建设(she)领(ling)域执业资格(ge)国际互认。综合(he)发挥各(ge)类(lei)金融工(gong)(gong)具的(de)作用，重点(dian)支持对外经(jing)济(ji)合(he)作中(zhong)建筑(zhu)领(ling)域的(de)重大战略项(xiang)目。借鉴(jian)国际通行(xing)的(de)项(xiang)目融资模式，按照风险(xian)可(ke)控(kong)、商业可(ke)持续原(yuan)则，加大对建筑(zhu)业“走出去(qu)”的金融支持(chi)力度(du)。

　　各地(di)区、各部门要高度(du)重视深化(hua)建筑业(ye)改革(ge)工作(zuo)，健(jian)全工作(zuo)机制，明(ming)确任务分工，及(ji)时(shi)研究解决建筑业(ye)改革(ge)发展中的重大问题，完(wan)善相(xiang)关政策，确保按期完(wan)成各项改革(ge)任务。加快推(tui)动(dong)修订建筑法(fa)、招(zhao)标投标法(fa)等法(fa)律(lv)，完(wan)善相(xiang)关法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)规(gui)。充分发挥(hui)协会商会熟悉行(xing)业(ye)、贴近企(qi)业(ye)的优势(shi)，及(ji)时(shi)反映(ying)企(qi)业(ye)诉求，反馈政策落实情况(kuang)，发挥(hui)好规(gui)范行(xing)业(ye)秩序、建立从业(ye)人员行(xing)为准则(ze)、促(cu)进企(qi)业(ye)诚信经营等方面(mian)的自律(lv)作(zuo)用。

国务院(yuan)办(ban)公厅

2017年(nian)2月21日